Title

Andreeva, E. N., Bakkal, I. Yu., Gorshkov, V. V., Lyanguzova, I. V., Maznaya, E. A., Neshataev, V. Yu., Neshataeva, V. Yu., Stavrova, N. I., Yarmishko, V. T. and Yarmishko, M. A. (2002): Guide for Analysis of Forest Communities. St. Petersburg State University, 240 p. (In Russian).

Barkman, J. J. (1958): Phytosociology and ecology of cryptogamic epiphytes. Assen, Netherlands van Gorcum Co, 628 p.

Batalov, A. E., Korepanov, V. I., Kocherina, E. V., Pucnina, L. V., Rai, E. A., Rykov, A. M, Rykova, S. Yu., Torkhov, S.V. and Churakova, E. Yu. (2005): Rare species of plants, animals and mushrooms of the forest ecosystems of the Arkhangelsk region and recommendations for their protection. Moscow: World Wide Fund for Nature, 96 p. (In Russian).

Belinchón, R., Martínez, I., Otálora, M. A., Aragón, G., Dimas, J. and Escudero, A. (2009): Fragment quality and matrix affect epiphytic performance in a Mediterranean forest landscape. American Journal of Botany, 96(11): 1974-1982.

Biske, G. S. (1959): Quaternary deposits and geomorphology of Karelia. Petrozavodsk: State Publishing House of the KASSR, 307 p. (In Russian).

Brunialti, G., Frati, L. and Ravera, S. (2015): Structural variables drive the distribution of the sensitive lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in Mediterranean old-growth forests. Ecological Indicators, 53: 37-42.

Chirva, O. V., Nikerova, K. M., Androsova, V. I. and Ignatenko, R. V. (2019): Activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in Lobaria pulmonaria from forest communities of middle and northernmost boreal zone (NW Russia). Czech Polar Reports, 9(2): 228-242. doi: 10.5817/ CPR2019-2-19.

Clerc, P., Scheidegger, C. and Ammann, K. (1992): Liste rouge des macrolichens de la Suisse. Botanica Helvetica, 102: 71-83.

Fritz, Ö., Niklasson, M. and Churski, M. (2009): Tree age is a key factor for the conservation of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes in beech forests. Applied Vegetation Science, 12(1): 93-106.

Gauslaa, Y. (1995): The Lobarion, an epiphytic community of ancient forests threatened by acid rain. The Lichenologist, 27(1): 59-76.

Gauslaa, Y., Solhaug, K. A. (2001): Fungal melanins as a sun screen for symbiotic green algae in the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria. Oecologia, 126(4): 462-471.

Gorshkov, V. V. (1986): Epiphytic lichen synusiae of pine forests of the Kola Peninsula: Formation, ecology, influence of anthropogenic factors. Extended Abstract of Candidate of Sciences (Biol) Dissertation, Leningrad. 21 p. (In Russian).

Gorshkov, V. V. (1998): Boreal forest communities: Formation and restoration of the stationary state of the forest ecosystems after external disturbances //The role of virgin terrestrial biota in modern conditions of global environmental changes: Biotic regulation of the environment, Gatchina, 138–190. (In Russian).

Gorshkov, V. V. (2001): Post-fire restoration of pine forests of the European North. Extended Abstract of Doctor of Sciences (Biol.) Dissertation, St. Petersburg, 35 p. (In Russian).

Goward, T., Arsenault, A. (2000): Cyanolichen distribution in young unmanaged forests: A dripzone effect? The Bryologist, 103(1): 28-37.

Gromtsev, A. N. (2003): Landscape models of the primeval forests. Biotic diversity of Karelia: conditions of formation, communities and species. Ed. Gromtsev, A. N., Kitaev S. P., Krutov V. I., Kuznetsov O. L., Lindholm T., Yakovlev E. B. Petrozavodsk: Karelian Research Center of RAS, pp. 47–50. (In Russian).

Gromtsev, A. N. (2007): Dynamics of indigenous taiga forests in the European part of Russia with natural disturbances. Actual problems of geobotany. III All-Russian School-Conference, Petrozavodsk, pp. 283–301. (In Russian).

Gromtsev, A. N. (2008): Fundamentals of landscape ecology of European taiga forests of Russia. Petrozavodsk: Karelian Research Center of the RAS. 238 p. (In Russian).

Gromtsev, A. N. (2009): Forests of Kostomukshsky strict nature reserve: structure, dynamics, landscape patterns. Transactions of the Karelian Research Centre of RAS, 2: 71-78. (In Russian).

Gu, W. D., Kuusinen, M., Konttinen, T. and Hanski, I. (2001): Spatial pattern in the occurrence of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in managed and virgin boreal forests. Ecography, 24(2): 139-150.

Gustafsson, L., Fiskesjö, A., Ingelög, T., Petterssonj, B. and Thor, G. (1992): Factors of importance to some lichen species of deciduous broad-leaved woods in southern Sweden. The Lichenologist, 24(3), 255-266.

Ignatenko, R. V. (2018): Ecology of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. in plant communities of Karelia. Extended Abstract of Candidate of Sciences (Biol.) Dissertation, St. Petersburg. 26 p. (In Russian).

Ignatenko, R. V., Tarasova, V. N. (2015): Populations of threatened lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. at different levels of anthropogenic load. Proceedings of Petrozavodsk State University. Biological Sciences, 8: 57-64. (In Russian).

Ignatenko, R. V., Tarasova, V. N. (2017): The population structure of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in the middle boreal forests depends on the time-since-disturbance. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica, 54: 83-94. doi: https://doi.org/10.12697/fce.2017.54.13

Ignatenko, R. V., Tarasova, V. N. (2018): Assessment of the state of lung lichen, Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm., in forest communities with different times since disturbance in the northeast of European Russia. Russian Journal of Ecology, 49(4): 277-285.

Ignatenko, R. V., Tarasova, V. N. (2019): Influence of tree characteristics on the subpopulations of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. in the forest communities of Karelia. Ecology and Evolution: New Horizons: Proceedings of the International Symposium on the 100^th Anniversary of Academician S. S. Schwartz, Yekaterinburg, pp. 41–44. (In Russian).

Ignatenko, R. V., Tarasova, V. N. and Markovskaya, E. F. (2020). Ontogenesis of the lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. in plant communities of the Boreal Zone. Russian Journal of Developmental Biology, 51(2): 115-124.

Istomina, N. B. (1996): The Biology of Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. And Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) Massal. in the southern taiga forests of European Russia, Extended Abstract of Candidate of Sciences (Biol.) Dissertation, Moscow, 24 p. (In Russian).

Ivanter, E. V., Korosov, A. V. (2011). Introduction to quantitative biology. Petrozavodsk: Petrozavodsk State University. 302 p. (In Russian).

Jüriado, I., Liira, J. (2009): Distribution and habitat ecology of the threatened forest lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in Estonia. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica, 46: 55-65.

Kadetov, N. G., Suslova, E. G. (2019): Protection of steppe plants near the northern border of the range in the Moscow region. Problems of Steppe Science, 15: 126-129. (In Russian). doi: 10.2441 / 9999-006A-2019-11519.

Kravchenko, A. V., Fadeeva, M. A. (2008): Distribution and condition of Lobaria pulmonaria in the southeast of Fennoscandia. Lichens of boreal forests and Fourth Russian lichenological field school. Proceedings of the international conference, Syktyvkar, pp. 60–74. (In Russian).

Markovskaya, E. F., D'yachkova, T. Yu. and Morozova, K. V. (2018): Nymphoides peltata (S. G. Gmel.) O. Kuntze (Menyanthaceae) at the border of geographic range: Anatomical and morphological features. Hortus Botanicus, 13: 291-303. doi: 10.15393/j4.art.2018.5322

Mikhailova, I. N. (2005): Analysis of the subpopulation structure of epiphytic lichens (using Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. as an example). Bulletin of Nizhny Novgorod University named after N. I. Lobachevsky, 1(9): 124-134. (In Russian).

Mikhailova, I., Trubina, M., Vorobeichik, E. and Scheidegger, C. (2005): Influence of environmental factors on the local-scale distribution of cyanobacterial lichens: case study in the North Urals, Russia. Folia Cryptogamica Estonica, 41: 45-54.

Mikryukov, V. S. (2011): Population ecology of epiphytic lichen Lobariapulmonaria (L.) Hoffm.in the Urals and Siberia, Extended Abstract of Candidate of Sciences (Biol.) Dissertation, Yekaterinburg, 20 p. (In Russian).

Molchanov, A. A. (1961): Forest and climate. Moscow: Publishing House of the USSR Academy of Sciences, 279 p. (In Russian).

Öckinger, E., Niklasson, M. and Nilsson, S. G. (2005): Is local distribution of the epiphytic lichen Lobaria pulmonaria limited by dispersal capacity or habitat quality? Biodiversity and Conservation, 14(3): 759-773.

Pystina, T. N., Semenova, N. A. (2009): Ecological features of lichen Lobaria pulmonaria (Lobariaceae) in the Republic of Komi. Botanical Journal, 94(1): 48-58. (In Russian).

Ranius, T., Johansson, P., Berg, N. and Niklasson, M. (2008): The influence of tree age and microhabitat quality on the occurrence of crustose lichens associated with old oaks. Journal of Vegetation Science, 19(5): 653-662.

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Title:	*Population characteristics of cephalolichen Lobaria pulmonaria* (L.) Hoffm. at the northern limit of its range (Northwest Russia, Republic of Karelia)**
Authors Name:	Roman Viktorovich Ignatenko, Victoria Nikolaevna Tarasova
Journal:	Czech Polar Reports
Issue:	10
Volume:	2
Page Range:	236-251
No. of Pages:	16
Year:	2020
DOI:	10.5817/CPR2020-2-18
Publishers:	muniPress Masaryk University Brno
ISSN:	1805-0689 (Print), 1805-0697 (On-line)
Language:	English
Subject:
Abstract:	The populations of Lobaria pulmonaria and their characteristics were studied at the northern limit of its range in the Republic of Karelia (Northwest Russia). The study was carried out in northernmost boreal zone on 8 permanent 100 × 100 m sample plots with last disturbance 180–270 years ago. It was found that in the north of the region, the number of substrate units on which lichen grows decreases with an increase of the time since last disturbance from 25 to 11 per ha. In the ontogenetic spectrum (excluding juvenile and immature thalli), virginal thalli prevailed. The proportion of generative thalli in forests in the mid-succession stages (mixed spruce-birch forests) was 2%, and they were absent at later stages (in preclimax spruce forests). In the studied forests, the main substrate of Lobaria pulmonaria was the trunks of living Populus tremula and Salix caprea. With an increase in the diameter and area of the trunk of Populus tremula, the number of thalli increased, and their average area decreased. An important role for Lobaria pulmonaria was played by the individual characteristics of the tree trunk, such as the height above ground, exposure, angle of inclination. The optimal conditions for the growth and development of this species were formed on the aspen trunks. Due to the collecting shape of crown and its wide radius, a large amount of precipitation flowed down the trunk during rain. Moreover, due to the wide and dense crown, the trunks were wet longer than other tree species. Comparison of the obtained data with similar studies done in the subzone of the middle taiga showed that at the limit of the range, the number of substrate units colonized by Lobaria pulmonaria and the number of thalli was smaller than in the south of Karelia. The share of generative thalli in the ontogenetic spectrum of species populations in forest communities of the north taiga subzone was 3 times smaller than in the middle taiga forests.
Keywords:	northern taiga ecosystems, time from last disturbance, population ecology, populations, populations at range limits
References:	Andreeva, E. N., Bakkal, I. Yu., Gorshkov, V. V., Lyanguzova, I. V., Maznaya, E. A., Neshataev, V. Yu., Neshataeva, V. Yu., Stavrova, N. I., Yarmishko, V. T. and Yarmishko, M. A. (2002): Guide for Analysis of Forest Communities. St. Petersburg State University, 240 p. (In Russian). Barkman, J. J. (1958): Phytosociology and ecology of cryptogamic epiphytes. Assen, Netherlands van Gorcum Co, 628 p. Batalov, A. E., Korepanov, V. I., Kocherina, E. V., Pucnina, L. V., Rai, E. A., Rykov, A. M, Rykova, S. Yu., Torkhov, S.V. and Churakova, E. Yu. (2005): Rare species of plants, animals and mushrooms of the forest ecosystems of the Arkhangelsk region and recommendations for their protection. Moscow: World Wide Fund for Nature, 96 p. (In Russian). Belinchón, R., Martínez, I., Otálora, M. A., Aragón, G., Dimas, J. and Escudero, A. (2009): Fragment quality and matrix affect epiphytic performance in a Mediterranean forest landscape. American Journal of Botany, 96(11): 1974-1982. Biske, G. S. (1959): Quaternary deposits and geomorphology of Karelia. Petrozavodsk: State Publishing House of the KASSR, 307 p. (In Russian). Brunialti, G., Frati, L. and Ravera, S. (2015): Structural variables drive the distribution of the sensitive lichen Lobaria pulmonaria in Mediterranean old-growth forests. Ecological Indicators, 53: 37-42. Chirva, O. V., Nikerova, K. M., Androsova, V. I. and Ignatenko, R. V. (2019): Activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase in Lobaria pulmonaria from forest communities of middle and northernmost boreal zone (NW Russia). Czech Polar Reports, 9(2): 228-242. doi: 10.5817/ CPR2019-2-19. Clerc, P., Scheidegger, C. and Ammann, K. (1992): Liste rouge des macrolichens de la Suisse. Botanica Helvetica, 102: 71-83. Fritz, Ö., Niklasson, M. and Churski, M. (2009): Tree age is a key factor for the conservation of epiphytic lichens and bryophytes in beech forests. Applied Vegetation Science, 12(1): 93-106. Gauslaa, Y. 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